{"id":11846,"date":"2021-07-22T10:25:56","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T08:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/?p=11846"},"modified":"2023-02-02T13:17:05","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T12:17:05","slug":"temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/","title":{"rendered":"Temperature calibration: Thermocouples vs. resistance thermometers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>In temperature calibration, high demands are placed on reference thermometers in terms of accuracy and reproducibility and thus long-term stability. Therefore, RTDs (\u201cresistance temperature detectors\u201d) \u2013 here specifically platinum resistance thermometers \u2013 and thermocouples are used in laboratories. Although they have a similar function, in many respects they could not be more different.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When selecting an instrument for temperature measurement or calibration, the following key factors should be considered:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Long-term stability<\/li>\n<li>Temperature range<\/li>\n<li>Ambient conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Functionality and areas of application of a resistance thermometer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/18\/files\/2021\/06\/tr_widerstandsthermometer-002-20200303132007-388x329.jpg\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig.: Cross-section of a resistance thermometer<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>In a resistance thermometer (RTD), the resistance is measured via an electrical conductor, whereby there is a clearly defined relationship between resistance and temperature, which can be represented in a characteristic curve. In calibration technology, mainly wire-wound measuring resistors made of platinum are used as references (PRT), because these have a high temperature range, long-lasting stability and the highest accuracy. The wire can be wound around either a ceramic or a glass core.<\/p>\n<p>The most common PRT is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/lp_pt100_pt1000.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Pt100<\/a>. This is a platinum resistance thermometer that has exactly 100 ohms of electrical resistance at zero degrees Celsius. Other PRTs, although less commonly used, are the Pt25 and the Pt1000, which have a resistance of 25 ohms and 1,000 ohms respectively at zero degrees Celsius.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Functionality and areas of application of a thermocouple<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/18\/files\/2021\/06\/tc_thermoelement-002-20200303132145-388x314.jpg\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig.: Cross-section of a thermocouple<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>Thermocouples use a different method for determining temperature. A thermocouple consists of two wires made of different metals such as nickel, copper or iron. The temperature at the measuring point causes the charges in the wires to shift differently, resulting in an electrical voltage that can be measured. Here, too, there is a defined dependency between temperature and electrical voltage, which is why the temperature at the measuring point can be determined. Although thermocouples usually have a lower accuracy and stability than RTDs, they have a wider temperature range. Thermocouples can measure temperatures up to 200 \u00b0C and 2,500 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the material used, thermocouples are calibrated for specific ranges. Some of the most common types are J, K, T and E, which are considered \u201cbase metal\u201d thermocouples. Thermocouples made of \u201cnoble metals\u201d such as R, S and B, on the other hand, are less common and are mainly used in high-temperature applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<br \/>\n<\/strong><span>Further information on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/reference_thermometers.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">reference resistance thermometers<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/thermocouples.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">thermocouples<\/a> can be found on the WIKA website. Would you like to buy thermcouples? In our <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.wika.com\/en-en\/tc10_b.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">WIKA online-shop<\/a> you will find some of our standard designs. If you have any questions on temperature calibration, your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/contact.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">contact<\/a> will gladly help you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Learn more about how resistance thermometers and thermocouples work in the following videos:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" data-reset-after-played id=\"arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" class=\"arve\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"How does a resistance thermometer work? | Resistance thermometers per IEC 60751\" width=\"900\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.wika.com\\\/en\\\/knowhow\\\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\\\/#arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"How does a resistance thermometer work? | Resistance thermometers per IEC 60751\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/HXMytpddn7g\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2019-03-08T15:11:46Z\",\"author\":\"WIKA Group\",\"description\":\"What exactly is a resistance thermometer, a Pt100 or a Pt1000 sensor? How do Pt100 and Pt1000 resistance sensors differ? These and other important differences are explained in this video about electrical thermometers.\\n\\n#Temperature #ProcessControl #Thermometer #TemperatureMeasurement #IndustrialAutomation\\n\\n\\u25ac Contents of this video \\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac \\n0:00 Intro \\n0:12 Resistance thermometer working principle\\n0:47 Platinum resistance thermometer range\\n1:21 RTD: accuracy and standard measuring range\\n1:57 Pt100 temperature sensor: an industrial standard\\n2:10 Pt1000 and Pt25: for special cases\\n\\u00a0\\nUsually, two different types of electrical thermometers are used in industrial applications \\u2013 resistance thermometers and thermocouples. How thermocouples work is explained in this video:  With resistance thermometers, the temperature is determined using an ohmic measuring resistor. The \\u201cPt\\u201d in Pt100 stands for the chemical element platinum, the next digit indicates the resistance value of the sensor at zero degrees Celsius. The most frequently used measuring resistor, the Pt100, therefore has an electrical resistance of 100 \\u03a9 (ohms) at 0 \\u00b0C. In special applications, Pt1000 temperature sensors are also used. As the temperature drops or rises, the electrical resistance changes \\u2013 following a defined characteristic curve which is regulated by international standards. The temperature can be determined very precisely on the basis of the measured resistance.\\n\\u00a0\\nAccuracy and measuring ranges of Pt100\\\/Pt1000 temperature probes\\nAs with the traditional dial thermometer (see also our video for correct reading of thermometers:  the resistance thermometer has different accuracy classes. The following applies: The more accurately a resistance thermometer should measure, the more limited its permissible measuring range is. Likewise, you must also consider the type (design) of the measuring resistor.\\nIs a thin-film or wire-wound resistor used? Depending on the measuring resistor selected, there are different temperature measuring ranges based on the IEC 60751 standard. For example, class B wire-wound resistance thermometers have a defined measuring range of -196 \\u00b0C to a maximum of 600 \\u00b0C. If the temperature exceeds or drops below this range, the measured values of the temperature sensors begin to drift so they no longer measure within the defined accuracy and thus the measuring result is falsified. With the current level of technology, for thin-film sensors, this drift is stronger than with wire-wound sensors.\\n\\u00a0\\nFurther information on Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors can be found on our website: \\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\uded2 With WIKA, you can configure and order the most common resistance thermometers directly in the online shop:  \\n\\n\\ud83c\\udf10 You can find an overview of all resistance thermometers on our website: \\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\udcd6 Would you like to learn more about resistance thermometers? Then read our blog ( or the technical information on the subject \\u201cOperating limits and accuracies of platinum resistance thermometers per DIN EN IEC 60751\\u201d (\\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\nFollow us on our social media channels:\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa YouTube: \\n\\u2705 LinkedIn:\"}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" data-reset-after-played id=\"arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" class=\"arve\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"Thermocouple basic working principles |  How does a thermocouple work?\" width=\"900\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.wika.com\\\/en\\\/knowhow\\\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\\\/#arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"Thermocouple basic working principles |  How does a thermocouple work?\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/9wp9U9wCqQ0\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2019-05-15T08:33:53Z\",\"author\":\"WIKA Group\",\"description\":\"What is a thermocouple and its working principles? What are the types of thermocouple and how do they work? Up to how many degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit can you use thermocouples? These and other basics are explained in this video.\\n\\n\\u25ac Contents of this video \\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac \\n00:00 - Intro \\n00:04 - How do thermocouples work?\\n00:55 - When is a reference junction compensation necessary when using thermocouples?\\n01:25 - What is a thermoelectric voltage curve and what material pairings are used for it?\\n01:58 - What are the types of thermocouples?\\n\\n#Thermocouple #ThermocoupleWorkingPrinciples #WIKAgroup #ThermocoupleTypes #HowThermocouplesWork \\n\\nThermocouples are made from two wires of different metals, which are in contact with each other at the measuring point. Due to their high vibration resistance, thermocouples that are welded firmly together are used in industrial applications. Thermocouples are temperature sensors that generate a voltage directly dependent on temperature. Compared to resistance thermometers, they are particularly suited for high temperatures up to 1,700 \\u00b0C. \\n\\nThere are a variety of thermocouple types that are suitable for a number of temperature ranges. Their accuracies are defined by the standards IEC 60584-1 and ASTM E230 and can be read in limit value tables. \\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\udd27 A detailed explanation of the \\u201cuse of thermocouples\\u201d can be found in our Technical information IN 00.23, which you can download free of charge from our website: \\n \\n\\ud83c\\udf10 Through our product configurator, which is available for the different types, you can assemble the perfect thermocouple for your application: \\n \\n\\ud83d\\udcf0 Please also read our trade article on \\u201cSpoilt for choice  - Criteria for selecting the most suitable electrical temperature measuring point\\u201d:  \\n \\n\\ud83d\\udcd6 In the following blog post we explain to you mineral-insulated cables, which are important components of electrical thermometers: \\n\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa How a resistance thermometer works is explained in this video: \\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\nFollow us on our social media channels:\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa YouTube: \\n\\ud83c\\udfaf LinkedIn:\"}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In temperature calibration, high demands are placed on reference thermometers in terms of accuracy and reproducibility and thus long-term stability. Therefore, RTDs (\u201cresistance temperature detectors\u201d) \u2013 here specifically platinum resistance thermometers \u2013 and thermocouples are used in laboratories. Although they have a similar function, in many respects they could not be more different. When selecting [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":292,"featured_media":11851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[15,517,319,320,322,324,323],"class_list":["post-11846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowhow","tag-accuracy","tag-calibration","tag-pt100","tag-pt1000","tag-resistance-thermometer","tag-temperature","tag-thermocouple"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thermocouples vs. resistance thermometers - WIKA blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In temperature calibration, high demands are placed on reference thermometers. There are several factors to consider when choosing an instrument.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Thermocouples vs. resistance thermometers - WIKA blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In temperature calibration, high demands are placed on reference thermometers. There are several factors to consider when choosing an instrument.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WIKA blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2021\/06\/temperaturkalibrierung_thermoelemente_widerstandsthermometer_.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"838\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"471\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katja Strecke\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katja Strecke\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Katja Strecke\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/193aa90244a12544ee26452f22546c16\"},\"headline\":\"Temperature calibration: Thermocouples vs. resistance thermometers\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-22T08:25:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-02T12:17:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\"},\"wordCount\":477,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2021\/06\/temperaturkalibrierung_thermoelemente_widerstandsthermometer_.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Accuracy\",\"Calibration\",\"Pt100\",\"Pt1000\",\"Resistance thermometer\",\"Temperature\",\"Thermocouple\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Know-how\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/\",\"name\":\"Thermocouples vs. resistance thermometers - WIKA blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/temperature-calibration-thermocouples-vs-resistance-thermometers\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2021\/06\/temperaturkalibrierung_thermoelemente_widerstandsthermometer_.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-22T08:25:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-02T12:17:05+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/193aa90244a12544ee26452f22546c16\"},\"description\":\"In temperature calibration, high demands are placed on reference thermometers. 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