{"id":51754,"date":"2025-03-24T10:02:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T09:02:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/?p=51754"},"modified":"2025-12-22T10:32:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T09:32:23","slug":"gas-insulated-switchgear-the-importance-of-sf6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/gas-insulated-switchgear-the-importance-of-sf6\/","title":{"rendered":"Gas-insulated switchgear: The importance of SF\u2086"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Insulating gases protect air-insulated and gas-insulated switchgear from failure. Not just pure sulphur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6<\/sub>) but also SF<sub>6<\/sub> mixtures, N<sub>2<\/sub>, g<sup>3<\/sup> and others can be used for this purpose. WIKA is a leader in sensing solutions that help power transmission and distribution companies to remotely monitor the quality and quantity of these gases.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medium- and high-voltage switchgear can be insulated using different media, for example oil, \u201cDry Air\u201d and other gases such as SF<sub>6<\/sub> and new gas mixtures. The traditional and most effective insulator is SF<sub>6<\/sub>. Its use, however, comes with several hazards, especially as this synthetic fluorinated compound has a global warming potential (GWP) of around 24,000. This is the highest value of any known gases. For reference, carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1.<\/p>\n<h2>Challenges when using SF<sub>6<\/sub><\/h2>\n<p>Power transmission and distribution companies that use SF<sub>6<\/sub> must monitor density to detect leakages. They also need to periodically analyse the gas to detect contamination. Even as many companies still rely on this gas to insulate switchgear, they do realise its role in climate change and are looking for SF<sub>6<\/sub> alternatives.<\/p>\n<h2>Reasons for failure in switchgear<\/h2>\n<p>Most power plants and substations use air or a gas to insulate their switchgear. While air is abundant, non-toxic and has a GWP of 0, it is not as effective in quenching arcs. As a result, the gas compartment in air-insulated switchgear (AIS) has to be about three times as large as those in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). Both AIS and GIS are susceptible to issues that reduce their effectiveness and lead to switchgear failures.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges with air insulation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dirt and dust<\/li>\n<li>Contact resistance<\/li>\n<li>Overload<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Challenges with gas insulation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gas leakage<\/li>\n<li>Humidity, a potent impurity for SF<sub>6<\/sub>-insulated switchgear<\/li>\n<li>Decomposition products, many of which are toxic and will corrode GIS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Measures to protect switchgear<\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring the condition of the insulator is a key step in preventing potentially dangerous situations. AIS operators should monitor the air\u2019s partial discharge status, temperature and humidity. For GIS, it is important to monitor the gas\u2019s pressure, temperature, density and humidity. Switchgear has a typical service life of 20\u201350 years, with gas-related failures increasing sharply 15\u201325 years after installation. Therefore, monitoring is especially key during the second half of the equipment\u2019s lifetime.<\/p>\n<h2>Options for monitoring gas-insulated switchgear<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reactive approach: <\/strong>In this approach, a mechanical instrument, such as a switch contact, sets off an alarm when the gas density has dropped to a certain level. Mechanical instruments have an accuracy of 1\u20132.5 % of span. For humidity, technicians might manually analyse the gas periodically (every 1 to 6 years) on a predetermined schedule with a portable test instrument and read the gas density monitor.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Proactive approach:<\/strong> Both analogue (4 \u2026 20 mA) and digital instruments offer an early warning system with remote monitoring functions. Analogue instruments continuously monitor the gas density in GIS and transmit that data to a control room or another central location. Analogue instruments have an accuracy of 1.5\u20132.3 % of span for compensated pressure. Digital instruments continuously monitor not just the gas density but also the parameters of pressure, temperature, humidity, etc. This gives a more complete picture of the condition of the insulating gas. Digital instruments have an accuracy of 0.6\u20130.8 % of span.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reactive vs. proactive maintenance of GIS<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width:846px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2025\/03\/fig.-1_reactive-vs-proactive-838x471.png\" alt=\"Reactive vs. proactive maintenance of GIS\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reactive vs. proactive maintenance of GIS<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The more parameters that a sensor can detect and transmit in real time, the better operators can react to changes in the condition of the insulating gas and take steps to avoid safety issues. Besides remote monitoring functions, analogue and digital sensors also allow for gas condition forecasting and predictive maintenance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Maintenance of gas-insulated switchgear<\/h2>\n<p>If necessary, the technicians will take the necessary corrective actions, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taking the equipment offline to clean and\/or replace the gas with a handling equipment<\/li>\n<li>Dehydrating the gas while the switchgear is operating<\/li>\n<li>Repairing a leakage and refilling the gas compartment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Gas condition forecasting: The better way to protect assets<\/h2>\n<p>One-time raw data measurements of gas density can give a false or misleading picture of an asset\u2019s performance, leading to misjudgments such as unnecessary or insufficient maintenance. Changes in ambient temperature and humidity, which vary constantly, are also hard to detect when measurements are taken sporadically or periodically. With continuous monitoring, operators get not only a truer picture of the current gas condition, but also its development. They can use the data to gain a deeper understanding based on historical data and then use this knowledge for predictive maintenance and other next steps. If smart sensors are used, the instrument will also automatically compensate for ambient conditions to arrive at an accurate gas density.<\/p>\n<h2>Data quality in gas condition forecasting<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2025\/03\/umgebungseinfluesse_en-co.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2025\/03\/umgebungseinfluesse_en-co-388x635.jpg\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Large vs. small ambient impact<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>Ambient conditions (temperature and humidity) and event anomalies have a notable impact on the precision of forecasts.<\/p>\n<p>The figure shows that a large ambient impact, combined with an anomaly early on in the data collection, makes for a very uncertain and imprecise forecast. Under the same ambient conditions, but without the anomaly, the results are more precise. A small ambient impact, in turn, produces the most precise forecast.<\/p>\n<p>Adding to the complexity, humidity has a complicated correlation with temperature. The humidity condition of an asset can be misjudged when only the raw measured data are taken into account. Furthermore, every gas compartment has its own unique correlation between humidity and temperature. This correlation can be extracted from historical data and compensated for. Thus, a temperature-compensated gas density can be forecasted with precision.<\/p>\n<p>Since both data quality and temperature compensation have a significant impact on the precision of a forecast, it is necessary to use smart sensors with high accuracy and consistency and to work with a provider who understands how to preprocess, manage and interpret the data.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2>Smart sensors for the remote monitoring of insulating gases<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/18\/files\/2025\/03\/fig.-3_densities-of-different-insulating-gases-1-1-e1738921315578.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2025\/03\/fig.-3_densities-of-different-insulating-gases-1-1-e1738921315578-388x277.jpg\" alt=\"Density of different insulating gases \" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Density of different insulating gases (click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>The more information that operators have about their equipment\u2019s insulating media, the better they can prevent failures and hazardous conditions. WIKA offers sensors based on temperature and pressure that, with the proper configuration, are easily adapted to calculate the current density of different gases. WEgrid, a wholly owned subsidiary of WIKA, offers a suite of smart sensors that forecast the condition of all types of insulating gases, including: SF<sub>6<\/sub>, N<sub>2<\/sub>, SF<sub>6<\/sub>\/N<sub>2<\/sub> mixtures, CO<sub>2<\/sub>, O<sub>2<\/sub>, CF<sub>4<\/sub> (tetrafluoromethane), air, g<sup>3<\/sup> (a syngas with 3M\u2019s Novec 4710). No matter the equipment or insulating media, the WIKA gas density sensors can be configured for special applications.<\/p>\n<h2>WIKA sensors: Tailor-made for the monitoring of insulating gases<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/18\/files\/2025\/03\/gd-20.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/18\/files\/2025\/03\/gd-20.jpg\" alt=\"Gas density sensors for the model series GD-20\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas density sensors for the model series GD-20 (click to enlarge)<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>WIKA offers several measuring instruments for reliable monitoring of SF<sub>6<\/sub> and alternative insulating gases. One of them is the GD-20. The analogue version focuses on gas density, transmitting a temperature-compensated pressure reading via a 4 \u2026 20 mA output signal. The digital version has an RS-485 interface that communicates using the Modbus<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> RTU protocol and provides data for pressure and temperature in addition to gas density. The GDHT-20 is a high-quality transmitter, capable of everything the digital version of the GD-20 can do with the addition of measuring the humidity content of the insulating gas. This additional parameter enables monitoring within the terms of the CIGRE directives for power systems, as well as in accordance with IEC standards.<\/p>\n<h2>GD-20-W: Wireless Monitoring of Insulating Gases<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to wired sensor solutions, WIKA offers the GD-20-W, a wireless alternative for continuous gas density monitoring in switchgear. This sensor measures not only gas density but also temperature and pressure, transmitting data via the LoRaWAN<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> protocol. With its integrated battery, the GD-20-W operates autonomously, eliminating the need for an external power supply. An intelligent alarm function detects critical changes early and can immediately trigger a warning before safety-critical conditions arise. This combination of high measurement accuracy and wireless transmission enables efficient predictive maintenance.<\/p>\n<h2>Outlook: SF<sub>6<\/sub> and alternative gases<\/h2>\n<p>While SF<sub>6<\/sub> will remain the primary insulating gas for the near future, less harmful alternatives and other climate-friendly technologies are on the horizon. Governments are part of the push, too. In 2022, the European Commission proposed banning fluorinated greenhouse gases in new medium-voltage switchgear by 2026 and in high-voltage switchgear by 2031. About a dozen US states have initiatives and regulations to phase out SF<sub>6<\/sub>-filled GIS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong><br \/>\nWIKA is a leading global supplier of instruments for analysing and monitoring both traditional and alternative insulating gases. We also offer comprehensive project planning for power transmission and distribution companies \u2013 from engineering and installation of the instruments to data management and analytics using our proprietary software. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/contact.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Contact us<\/a> if you would like to learn more about how we can help make your business safer and more sustainable. On the WIKA website you will also find a wide range of information on the topic of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/power_transmission_and_distribution_sf6.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">power transmission and distribution (SF<sub>6<\/sub>)<\/a> as well as on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/sf6_gas_solutions.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">SF<sub>6<\/sub> gas solutions<\/a>, in particular on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/gas_density_sensors.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">gas density sensors<\/a> (including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/gd_20.WIKA?highlightedText=GD-20\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">model GD-20<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/gdht_20.WIKA?highlightedText=GDHT-20\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">model GDHT-20<\/a>). <span data-olk-copy-source=\"MessageBody\">Discover why SF\u2086 plays a key role in gas-insulated switchgear \u2013 and how the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-en\/elia_group.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Elia Group<\/a>, together with WIKA, is revolutionising substation monitoring with innovative solutions such as the GD-20-W.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Also read our posts<\/strong> <br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/products\/high-accuracy-moisture-measurement-in-sf6-switchgear\/\">High-accuracy moisture measurement in SF<sub>6<\/sub> switchgear<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/knowhow\/responsible-handling-of-sulphur-hexafluoride\/\">Responsible handling of sulphur hexafluoride<\/a><\/p>\n<p>You can also find out more about WIKA\u2019s SF<sub>6<\/sub> expertise in the following video:<\/p>\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" data-reset-after-played id=\"arve-youtube-zwmvlg7ci14\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" class=\"arve\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-zwmvlg7ci14\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/zWMVLG7Ci14?list=PLCpcl-nFgYcpbiogTrhjN5VgTd5QOTAEq&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/zWMVLG7Ci14?list=PLCpcl-nFgYcpbiogTrhjN5VgTd5QOTAEq&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"WEgrid Solutions: Your SF\u2086 gas monitoring, analysis, handling partner\" width=\"900\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.wika.com\\\/en\\\/knowhow\\\/gas-insulated-switchgear-the-importance-of-sf6\\\/#arve-youtube-zwmvlg7ci14\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/zWMVLG7Ci14?list=PLCpcl-nFgYcpbiogTrhjN5VgTd5QOTAEq&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"WEgrid Solutions: Your SF\\u2086 gas monitoring, analysis, handling partner\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/zWMVLG7Ci14\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2020-03-17T09:32:21Z\",\"author\":\"WIKA Group\",\"description\":\"Did you ever think of how it would be without electricity? As our lives and businesses depend so much on electric energy, WIKA has made a commitment to make power transmission and distribution much safer and more reliable!\\nThe WIKA \\u201cWEgrid Solutions\\u201d team enables power transmission and distribution operators to guarantee safe and reliable energy supply through state-of-the-art technology to monitor, analyse and handle sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF\\u2086 gas).\\n\\nWEgrid Solutions - a holistic approach:\\n\\u2705 WEgrid Products: Products to indicate, monitor, analyse & handle SF\\u2086 gas (\\n\\u2705 WEgrid Services: Repair & maintenance, commissioning, SF\\u2086 products rental services, on-site analysis, seminars & consulting (\\n\\u2705 WEgrid Asset Protection: Plant safety through intelligent solutions\\n\\u2705 Worldwide support network of experts\\n\\u2705 Customisation according to your needs\\n\\nAre you tired of reactive maintenance and the costly consequences of it? With WEgrid Solutions we help you to make the shift to a condition-based strategy to save costs, time and make a contribution to our environment. Talk to our experts: \\n \\n\\ud83d\\udcf2 Download our SF\\u2086 calculation app\\nApp Store: \\nGoogle Play: \\n\\n\\ud83d\\udcce Download our extensive brochure on innovative SF\\u2086 solutions: \\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\nFollow us on our social media channels:\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa YouTube: \\n\\ud83c\\udfaf LinkedIn:\"}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Insulating gases protect air-insulated and gas-insulated switchgear from failure. Not just pure sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) but also SF6 mixtures, N2, g3 and others can be used for this purpose. WIKA is a leader in sensing solutions that help power transmission and distribution companies to remotely monitor the quality and quantity of these gases. Medium- and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":189,"featured_media":51763,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[437,760],"class_list":["post-51754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowhow","tag-safety","tag-temperature-influence"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gas-insulated switchgear: The importance of SF\u2086 - WIKA blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Insulating gases (including SF6) protect gas-insulated switchgear from failures. 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