{"id":7902,"date":"2017-11-16T09:24:41","date_gmt":"2017-11-16T11:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/pt\/\/?p=7902"},"modified":"2024-07-02T15:07:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T18:07:34","slug":"cabo-de-isolacao-mineral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/pt\/know-how\/cabo-de-isolacao-mineral\/","title":{"rendered":"Cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral \u2013 Um componente chave para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de termoelementos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>O cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral consiste de uma bainha met\u00e1lica e de condutores internos isolados entre si por um material cer\u00e2mico. Esta cer\u00e2mica \u00e9 formada pelo p\u00f3 de alguns tipos de \u00f3xidos (normalmente o mais utilizado \u00e9 o MgO) com uma pureza de &gt; 99.0%, que garante a isola\u00e7\u00e3o dos condutores internos um do outro e tamb\u00e9m a isola\u00e7\u00e3o dos condutores em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a bainha externa. A constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral \u00e9 similar a de um cabo comum, entretanto, ela tem uma caracter\u00edstica especial de resist\u00eancia a altas temperaturas. Por usar ligas met\u00e1licas ao inv\u00e9s de, por exemplo, PVC ou PTFE, s\u00e3o poss\u00edveis temperaturas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de aproximadamente at\u00e9 850 \u00b0C para a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis (como 1.4571, 316L, 1.4541) ou at\u00e9 mesmo at\u00e9 aproximadamente 1150 \u00b0C para ligas met\u00e1licas refratarias como Inconel<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 600 (2.4816).<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Constru\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>O ponto de partida \u00e9 um longo tubo met\u00e1lico no material da bainha desejado (geralmente com 15 metros de comprimento), onde s\u00e3o inseridos blocos cer\u00e2micos furados. Junto aos blocos cer\u00e2micos s\u00e3o montados condutores correspondentes.<\/p>\n<p>Para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de termorresist\u00eancias, s\u00e3o geralmente usados condutores internos de cobre ou n\u00edquel. Na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de termopares, o material apropriado deve ser considerado, dependendo do tipo do termopar. Estas constru\u00e7\u00f5es constitu\u00eddas por tubos met\u00e1licos, blocos cer\u00e2micos e condutores met\u00e1licos \u00e9 subsequentemente compactada, e tem suas dimens\u00f5es reduzidas atrav\u00e9s de matrizes de trefila\u00e7\u00e3o revestidas de carbetos ou diamantadas, onde as dimens\u00f5es desejadas s\u00e3o alcan\u00e7adas. A alta compacta\u00e7\u00e3o da isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral garante uma r\u00e1pida transfer\u00eancia t\u00e9rmica entre o material da bainha e os condutores internos.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2017\/06\/keramikzylinder-1-388x225.jpg\" alt=\"Bloco cer\u00e2mico\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bloco cer\u00e2mico<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<h2>Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n<p>Devido \u00e0 isola\u00e7\u00e3o ser feita apenas por componentes minerais, a opera\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel em temperaturas significantemente mais altas do que seria no caso dos cabos isolados com pol\u00edmeros ou fluorpol\u00edmeros (exemplo: PVC, PTFE). Protegido pela bainha met\u00e1lica do material, Os cabos de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o resistentes ao calor e, portanto, adequados para medi\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura. O di\u00e2metro do cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 especificado de acordo com os requisitos de cada aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2>Variedade<\/h2>\n<p>O menor di\u00e2metro de um sensor de temperatura j\u00e1 fabricado pela WIKA foi de 0,25 mm. Se esse di\u00e2metro for comparado com o de cabos maiores, o usu\u00e1rio tem vantagens consider\u00e1veis ao usar dimens\u00f5es relativamente pequenas. A combina\u00e7\u00e3o do di\u00e2metro externo, do material da bainha, da espessura da parede e do material e do arranjo dos condutores internos e tamb\u00e9m classe de exatid\u00e3o (apenas para termopares), possibilita uma grande variedade de cabos de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:396px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/en\/files\/2017\/06\/schliffbild-mantelleitung-388x169.png\" alt=\"Se\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios cabos de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Se\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00e1rios cabos de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<h2>Caracter\u00edstica especial<\/h2>\n<p>A caracter\u00edstica especial do cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral est\u00e1 na posi\u00e7\u00e3o relativa dos condutores internos um para o outro e da bainha externa, que s\u00e3o sempre constantes. Mesmo quando o cabo est\u00e1 dobrado ou torcido, a posi\u00e7\u00e3o interna \u00e9 mantida. O raio de curvatura admiss\u00edvel \u00e9 tr\u00eas vezes o di\u00e2metro externo da bainha. As propriedades de isola\u00e7\u00e3o resultantes do posicionamento exato dos condutores internos s\u00e3o fundamentais quando se trata de constru\u00e7\u00e3o de instrumentos \u00e1 prova de explos\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<h2>Caracter\u00edsticas adicionais<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:354px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/pt\/\/files\/2017\/10\/aufbau-eines-widerstandsthermometers-388x217.jpg\" class=\"local-link\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/pt\/\/files\/2017\/10\/aufbau-eines-widerstandsthermometers-388x217-388x217.jpg\" alt=\"Constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma termorresist\u00eancia\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma termorresist\u00eancia<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>Como uma caracter\u00edstica do cabo isolado mineral, deve ser dada especial aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 higrosc\u00f3pica da cer\u00e2mica. Se esta n\u00e3o for protegida, o cabo absorve imediatamente a umidade do ambiente, o que, em poucos minutos, reduz a resist\u00eancia el\u00e9trica de isola\u00e7\u00e3o. Por essa raz\u00e3o, o cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral s\u00f3 deve ser armazenado hermeticamente fechado ou, se aberto, em um forno com uma temperatura elevada.<\/p>\n<h2>Normas comumente relacionadas<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>IEC 60751<\/li>\n<li>IEC 60584<\/li>\n<li>ASTM E230<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nota<br \/>\n<\/strong>Mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/pt-br\/termopares.WIKA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external nofollow\" class=\"ext-link\" onclick=\"this.target=&#039;_blank&#039;;\">termopares<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/pt-br\/termorresistencia.WIKA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external nofollow\" class=\"ext-link\" onclick=\"this.target=&#039;_blank&#039;;\">termorreist\u00eancias<\/a> podem ser encontradas no site da <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/pt-br\/pagina_inicial.WIKA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external nofollow\" class=\"ext-link\" onclick=\"this.target=&#039;_blank&#039;;\">WIKA<\/a>.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aprenda mais sobre como um termopar e uma termorresist\u00eancia funcionam nos seguintes v\u00eddeos:<\/p>\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" data-reset-after-played id=\"arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" class=\"arve\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"Thermocouple basic working principles |  How does a thermocouple work?\" width=\"900\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.wika.com\\\/pt\\\/know-how\\\/cabo-de-isolacao-mineral\\\/#arve-youtube-9wp9u9wcqq0\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/9wp9U9wCqQ0?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"Thermocouple basic working principles |  How does a thermocouple work?\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/9wp9U9wCqQ0\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2019-05-15T08:33:53Z\",\"author\":\"WIKA Group\",\"description\":\"What is a thermocouple and its working principles? What are the types of thermocouple and how do they work? Up to how many degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit can you use thermocouples? These and other basics are explained in this video.\\n\\n\\u25ac Contents of this video \\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac \\n00:00 - Intro \\n00:04 - How do thermocouples work?\\n00:55 - When is a reference junction compensation necessary when using thermocouples?\\n01:25 - What is a thermoelectric voltage curve and what material pairings are used for it?\\n01:58 - What are the types of thermocouples?\\n\\n#Thermocouple #ThermocoupleWorkingPrinciples #WIKAgroup #ThermocoupleTypes #HowThermocouplesWork \\n\\nThermocouples are made from two wires of different metals, which are in contact with each other at the measuring point. Due to their high vibration resistance, thermocouples that are welded firmly together are used in industrial applications. Thermocouples are temperature sensors that generate a voltage directly dependent on temperature. Compared to resistance thermometers, they are particularly suited for high temperatures up to 1,700 \\u00b0C. \\n\\nThere are a variety of thermocouple types that are suitable for a number of temperature ranges. Their accuracies are defined by the standards IEC 60584-1 and ASTM E230 and can be read in limit value tables. \\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\udd27 A detailed explanation of the \\u201cuse of thermocouples\\u201d can be found in our Technical information IN 00.23, which you can download free of charge from our website: \\n \\n\\ud83c\\udf10 Through our product configurator, which is available for the different types, you can assemble the perfect thermocouple for your application: \\n \\n\\ud83d\\udcf0 Please also read our trade article on \\u201cSpoilt for choice  - Criteria for selecting the most suitable electrical temperature measuring point\\u201d:  \\n \\n\\ud83d\\udcd6 In the following blog post we explain to you mineral-insulated cables, which are important components of electrical thermometers: \\n\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa How a resistance thermometer works is explained in this video: \\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\nFollow us on our social media channels:\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa YouTube: \\n\\ud83c\\udfaf LinkedIn:\"}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" data-reset-after-played id=\"arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" class=\"arve\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:500\/281\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/div>\n<p>\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"How does a resistance thermometer work? | Resistance thermometers per IEC 60751\" width=\"900\"><\/iframe><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.wika.com\\\/pt\\\/know-how\\\/cabo-de-isolacao-mineral\\\/#arve-youtube-hxmytpddn7g\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/HXMytpddn7g?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"How does a resistance thermometer work? | Resistance thermometers per IEC 60751\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/HXMytpddn7g\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2019-03-08T15:11:46Z\",\"author\":\"WIKA Group\",\"description\":\"What exactly is a resistance thermometer, a Pt100 or a Pt1000 sensor? How do Pt100 and Pt1000 resistance sensors differ? These and other important differences are explained in this video about electrical thermometers.\\n\\n#Temperature #ProcessControl #Thermometer #TemperatureMeasurement #IndustrialAutomation\\n\\n\\u25ac Contents of this video \\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac\\u25ac \\n0:00 Intro \\n0:12 Resistance thermometer working principle\\n0:47 Platinum resistance thermometer range\\n1:21 RTD: accuracy and standard measuring range\\n1:57 Pt100 temperature sensor: an industrial standard\\n2:10 Pt1000 and Pt25: for special cases\\n\\u00a0\\nUsually, two different types of electrical thermometers are used in industrial applications \\u2013 resistance thermometers and thermocouples. How thermocouples work is explained in this video:  With resistance thermometers, the temperature is determined using an ohmic measuring resistor. The \\u201cPt\\u201d in Pt100 stands for the chemical element platinum, the next digit indicates the resistance value of the sensor at zero degrees Celsius. The most frequently used measuring resistor, the Pt100, therefore has an electrical resistance of 100 \\u03a9 (ohms) at 0 \\u00b0C. In special applications, Pt1000 temperature sensors are also used. As the temperature drops or rises, the electrical resistance changes \\u2013 following a defined characteristic curve which is regulated by international standards. The temperature can be determined very precisely on the basis of the measured resistance.\\n\\u00a0\\nAccuracy and measuring ranges of Pt100\\\/Pt1000 temperature probes\\nAs with the traditional dial thermometer (see also our video for correct reading of thermometers:  the resistance thermometer has different accuracy classes. The following applies: The more accurately a resistance thermometer should measure, the more limited its permissible measuring range is. Likewise, you must also consider the type (design) of the measuring resistor.\\nIs a thin-film or wire-wound resistor used? Depending on the measuring resistor selected, there are different temperature measuring ranges based on the IEC 60751 standard. For example, class B wire-wound resistance thermometers have a defined measuring range of -196 \\u00b0C to a maximum of 600 \\u00b0C. If the temperature exceeds or drops below this range, the measured values of the temperature sensors begin to drift so they no longer measure within the defined accuracy and thus the measuring result is falsified. With the current level of technology, for thin-film sensors, this drift is stronger than with wire-wound sensors.\\n\\u00a0\\nFurther information on Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors can be found on our website: \\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\uded2 With WIKA, you can configure and order the most common resistance thermometers directly in the online shop:  \\n\\n\\ud83c\\udf10 You can find an overview of all resistance thermometers on our website: \\n\\u00a0\\n\\ud83d\\udcd6 Would you like to learn more about resistance thermometers? Then read our blog ( or the technical information on the subject \\u201cOperating limits and accuracies of platinum resistance thermometers per DIN EN IEC 60751\\u201d (\\n\\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\\nFollow us on our social media channels:\\n\\ud83d\\udcfa YouTube: \\n\\u2705 LinkedIn:\"}<\/script><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral consiste de uma bainha met\u00e1lica e de condutores internos isolados entre si por um material cer\u00e2mico. Esta cer\u00e2mica \u00e9 formada pelo p\u00f3 de alguns tipos de \u00f3xidos (normalmente o mais utilizado \u00e9 o MgO) com uma pureza de &gt; 99.0%, que garante a isola\u00e7\u00e3o dos condutores internos um do outro [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":147,"featured_media":7909,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[107,265,367,341,351],"class_list":["post-7902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-know-how","tag-protecao-contra-explosao","tag-temperatura","tag-termoelemento","tag-termometro","tag-termorresistncia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral - WIKA blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cabo de isola\u00e7\u00e3o mineral, consiste de uma bainha met\u00e1lica e de condutores internos isolados entre si por um material cer\u00e2mico. 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