{"id":8212,"date":"2023-09-13T09:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T14:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/?p=1397"},"modified":"2026-07-08T12:29:38","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T17:29:38","slug":"rtd-vs-thermocouple-when-to-use-each-product","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/products\/temperature-products\/rtd-vs-thermocouple-when-to-use-each-product\/","title":{"rendered":"RTD vs. Thermocouple Temperature Sensors: When To Use Each"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Temperature sensors are essential measuring instruments for ensuring the safety and efficiency of countless industrial processes. While RTDs and thermocouples both provide accuracy and reliability, each has pros and cons that make them better suited for particular applications.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/resistance_thermometers.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Resistance thermometers (RTDs)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/thermocouples.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">thermocouples<\/a> are the two most common types of electronic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/lp_temperature_sensor.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">temperature sensors<\/a>\u00a0used in industrial processes. The choice of which one to use depends on a variety of factors. First let\u2019s take a look at what RTDs and thermocouples are, and how they differ from one another.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:93px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/files\/2016\/08\/rtd.png\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">RTD<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<h2>How to Choose between RTD and Thermocouple<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">In some applications, it doesn\u2019t matter very much whether you use a resistance thermometer or a thermocouple. Other times, one type is definitely better than the other. In general, thermocouples are better for high-temperature and high-vibration processes, applications that require fast response times, and those with limited space. RTDs offer better accuracy, repeatability, and stability.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 99.3928%;height: 1003px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 87px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 87px\">\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 87px\">\n<p><b>RTD<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 87px\">\n<p><b>Thermocouple<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 112px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Operating temperature range<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2212321\u00b0F (\u2212196\u00b0C) to <br \/>\n1,112\u00b0F (600\u00b0C)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2212328\u00b0F (\u2212200\u00b0C) to <br \/>\n4,200\u00b0F (2,320\u00b0C)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher accuracy<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher repeatability<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 112px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Better performance in high-vibration environments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 112px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 112px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Better reliability in high-pressure environments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 112px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 112px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher cost<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faster response time<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher stability<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 88px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Better linearity<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 88px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 88px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 52px\">\n<td style=\"width: 37.4306%;height: 52px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Easier installation<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 34.4955%;height: 52px\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2713<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 70.4633%;height: 52px\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, when choosing a temperature sensor, you need to consider the application\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temperature range<\/li>\n<li><span>Pressure range<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Humidity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Shock and vibration<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Media (solid, liquid, or gaseous; corrosive; hazardous)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Flow rate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is an RTD, and how does it work?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">RTD stands for resistance temperature detector. This instrument is also called a resistance thermometer and, redundantly, an RTD probe or RTD sensor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within an RTD is a sensing element (resistor) that uses the change in electrical resistance of metal to determine the temperature. The most common metal in RTDs is platinum (Pt), as it is very chemically inert and has an almost linear temperature vs. resistance relationship. Platinum RTDs are often referred to as <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/products\/temperature-products\/pt100-and-pt1000-sensors-important-facts-and-differences\/\">Pt100 sensors or Pt1000 sensors<\/a>; the number refers to platinum\u2019s nominal resistance (ohm \u03a9) at 0\u00b0C. Other metals used in RTDs are copper, nickel, and tungsten, but WIKA\u2019s RTDs are made of platinum primarily because this metal has excellent stability, resists contamination, and its electrical resistance does not degrade over time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Regardless of the metal used, its electrical resistance at specific temperatures is a known constant. As the temperature changes, so does the metal wire\u2019s resistance. So, by comparing the known resistance to the measured resistance, one can calculate the temperature.<\/p>\n<h2>Types of RTDs<\/h2>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:358px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/files\/2016\/08\/thin-film-vs-wire-wound-388x191.png\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thin-film (left) and wire-wound resistors<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<ul>\n<li><strong>Thin-film resistors<\/strong> are made up of a very fine layer of platinum deposited on ceramic and sealed by glass.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Wire-wound resistors<\/strong> consist of a wire wrapped around and embedded inside a glass or ceramic casing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">RTDs also come with different numbers of wires in the cable.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2>2-Wire, 3-Wire, and 4-Wire RTDs: Which Configuration Do You Need?<\/h2>\n<p>RTDs are available in three wiring configurations \u2014 2-wire, 3-wire, and 4-wire. The difference comes down to how lead wire resistance is handled, which directly affects measurement accuracy. Choosing the right configuration is a tradeoff between cost and precision.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \u2500\u2500 2-WIRE \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 --><\/p>\n<h3>2-Wire RTD<\/h3>\n<p>The simplest and least expensive configuration. The two lead wires connect the RTD to the measuring instrument, but their resistance is added to the RTD&#8217;s reading, introducing a measurement error. Best suited for short lead lengths or applications where high accuracy is not critical.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 1.5em 0;text-align: center\"><!-- Instrument box --> Instrument <!-- RTD box --> RTD (sensing element) <!-- Wire 1 (top) --> Wire 1 <!-- Wire 2 (bottom) --> Wire 2 <!-- Lead resistance label --> Lead resistance included in measurement \u2014 reduces accuracy<figcaption style=\"font-size: 0.85em;color: #666;margin-top: 0.5em\">2-Wire RTD: simplest configuration; lead resistance adds measurement error<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \u2500\u2500 3-WIRE \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 --><\/p>\n<h3>3-Wire RTD<\/h3>\n<p>The most common industrial configuration. A third wire allows the measuring instrument to calculate and subtract lead wire resistance, significantly improving accuracy over a 2-wire setup. For compensation to work correctly, all three wires must have the same resistance \u2014 meaning matched wire material, gauge, and length. This configuration covers the vast majority of industrial process applications and is the standard choice where \u00b10.3\u20130.5\u00b0C accuracy is acceptable.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 1.5em 0;text-align: center\"><!-- Instrument box --> Instrument <!-- RTD box --> RTD (sensing element) <!-- Wire 1 (top) --> Wire 1 <!-- Wire 2 (middle - compensation) --> Wire 3 (compensation) <!-- Wire 3 (bottom) --> Wire 2 <!-- Label --> Third wire compensates for lead resistance \u2014 most common in industry<figcaption style=\"font-size: 0.85em;color: #666;margin-top: 0.5em\">3-Wire RTD: compensation wire reduces lead resistance error; standard industrial choice<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \u2500\u2500 4-WIRE \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 --><\/p>\n<h3>4-Wire RTD<\/h3>\n<p>The most accurate configuration, used when measurement precision is critical. Two wires carry excitation current through the RTD; the other two measure voltage drop across the sensing element only, completely eliminating lead wire resistance from the reading. This true Kelvin measurement method means accuracy is not affected by wire length, gauge, or material mismatches. The 4-wire configuration is required for Class AA accuracy per IEC 60751 (the sensor element must also be Class AA rated) and is the standard for laboratory calibration and high-precision process applications.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"margin: 1.5em 0;text-align: center\"><!-- Instrument box --> Instrument <!-- RTD box --> RTD (sensing element) <!-- Wire 1 (current +) --> Wire 1 (current +) <!-- Wire 2 (voltage +) --> Wire 2 (voltage +) <!-- Wire 3 (voltage -) --> Wire 3 (voltage \u2212) <!-- Wire 4 (current -) --> Wire 4 (current \u2212) <!-- Label --> Lead resistance eliminated entirely \u2014 highest accuracy; Class AA capable<figcaption style=\"font-size: 0.85em;color: #666;margin-top: 0.5em\">4-Wire RTD: current and voltage circuits are separate, eliminating lead resistance error entirely<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \u2500\u2500 COMPARISON TABLE \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 --><\/p>\n<h3>Which Wiring Configuration Should You Choose?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<table style=\"width: 88.1579%;border-collapse: collapse;margin: 1.5em 0px;font-size: 0.95em\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1a3a5c;color: #fff\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #dddddd;color: #ffffff;width: 14.8325%\">Configuration<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #dddddd;color: #ffffff;width: 12.0921%\">Accuracy<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #dddddd;color: #ffffff;width: 13.0561%\">Cost<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #dddddd;color: #ffffff;width: 48.3421%\">Best For<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 14.8325%\"><strong>2-Wire<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 12.0921%\">Lowest<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 13.0561%\">Lowest<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 48.3421%\">Short cable runs; non-critical accuracy requirements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 14.8325%\"><strong>3-Wire<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 12.0921%\">Good<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 13.0561%\">Moderate<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 48.3421%\">Most industrial process applications; standard choice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 14.8325%\"><strong>4-Wire<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 12.0921%\">Highest (Class AA)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 13.0561%\">Highest<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #dddddd;width: 48.3421%\">Laboratory calibration; critical process measurement; long cable runs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>The Pros and Cons of RTDs<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Resistance thermometers are popular for many reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High accuracy, up to class AA (4-wire RTD)<\/li>\n<li>High repeatability<\/li>\n<li>Wide compatibility with instruments and processes due to their widespread use<\/li>\n<li>Excellent long-term stability<\/li>\n<li>Easy installation, as no extension wires are required<\/li>\n<li>Ease of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/calibration_service_for_temperature_measuring_instruments.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">calibration<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Suitable for temperatures between \u2212321\u00b0F (\u2212196\u00b0C) to 1,112\u00b0F (600\u00b0C).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the other hand, RTDs cannot withstand extremely high temperatures, such as those found in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/chemical_industry.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">chemical<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/petrochemical_industry.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">petrochemical<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/oil_and_gas_up_mid_and_downstream.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">refinery<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> applications. <\/span> Pt100 and Pt1000 sensors can be expensive, due to the high cost of platinum. There\u2019s also the possibility of self-heating errors, and compared to thermocouples, RTDs have a slower response time and are more susceptible to extreme shock and vibration.<\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:175px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/files\/2016\/08\/tc-illustration.png\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thermocouple with connection cable<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<h2>What is a thermocouple, and how does it work?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/thermocouples.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Thermocouples<\/a> are temperature sensors with a pair of dissimilar wires, each with a different electrical property at different temperatures. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9wp9U9wCqQ0&amp;t=1s\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">working principle of thermocouples<\/a> is that thermal energy is converted to electrical energy. At one end of the thermocouple, the two wires are welded or otherwise connected; this is the measuring point. When the temperature changes at this point, so does the electron density of each metal. The difference in temperature between the two metals creates a thermoelectric voltage. Since the relationship between temperature and voltage is known, this measured voltage is used to determine the temperature reading.<\/p>\n<h2>Types of Thermocouples<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thermocouples come in <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/knowhow\/how-many-thermocouples-types-are-there-and-what-makes-each-one-different\/\">many different types<\/a>, based on the pairing of dissimilar metals. Some of the common metal pairings are:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Thermocouple Types: Full Reference Guide<\/h2>\n<p>Thermocouples are classified by letter type, each defined by a specific alloy combination, temperature range, and optimal application environment. Base metal types (J, K, T, E, N) use less expensive alloys and cover most industrial applications. Noble metal types (B, R, S) use platinum-rhodium alloys for high-temperature and precision applications.<\/p>\n<h3>Base Metal Thermocouples<\/h3>\n<div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;margin: 1.5em 0;font-size: 0.95em\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1a3a5c;color: #ffff\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Type<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Alloy Combination<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Temperature Range<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Common Applications<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Key Characteristic<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>J<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Iron \/ Constantan<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">\u2212210\u00b0C to 760\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(\u2212346\u00b0F to 1,400\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Boilers, furnaces, general industrial<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">One of the few types suitable for reducing atmospheres; iron leg susceptible to rust above 550\u00b0C in oxidizing environments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>K<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chromel \/ Alumel<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">\u2212270\u00b0C to 1,260\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(\u2212454\u00b0F to 2,300\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Most general industrial applications, nuclear, HVAC<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Most widely used industrial thermocouple; wide range, low cost; susceptible to sulphur and &#8220;green rot&#8221; between 816\u20131,038\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>T<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Copper \/ Constantan<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">\u2212270\u00b0C to 370\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(\u2212454\u00b0F to 700\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Cryogenics, laboratory, food processing<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Excellent stability at low and cryogenic temperatures; suitable for oxidizing, reducing, and inert atmospheres; copper leg oxidizes quickly above 370\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>E<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Chromel \/ Constantan<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">\u2212270\u00b0C to 870\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(\u2212454\u00b0F to 1,600\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Cryogenics, aviation, flow chambers<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Highest thermoelectric output of all base metal types; non-magnetic; preferred over K and J at temperatures below 1,000\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>N<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Nicrosil \/ Nisil<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">\u2212270\u00b0C to 1,260\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(\u2212454\u00b0F to 2,300\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">High-temperature industrial processes where Type K instability is a concern<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Superior oxidation and sulphur resistance vs. Type K; better repeatability between 300\u2013500\u00b0C; preferred alternative to K at high temperatures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Noble Metal Thermocouples<\/h3>\n<p>Noble metal thermocouples use platinum-rhodium alloys. They offer higher accuracy and stability at elevated temperatures but are significantly more expensive than base metal types and cannot be used in reducing atmospheres.<\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;margin: 1.5em 0;font-size: 0.95em\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background: #1a3a5c;color: #fff\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Type<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Alloy Combination<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Temperature Range<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Common Applications<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 14px;text-align: left;border: 1px solid #ddd;color: #fff\">Key Characteristic<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>R<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Pt-13% Rh \/ Platinum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0\u00b0C to 1,450\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(32\u00b0F to 2,642\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Steel industry, high-temperature furnaces, kilns<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Slightly higher output and stability than Type S due to higher rhodium content; requires protective sheath to avoid contamination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>S<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Pt-10% Rh \/ Platinum<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">0\u00b0C to 1,450\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(32\u00b0F to 2,642\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Medical industry, pharmaceutical, high-temperature lab and process<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">High accuracy and oxidation resistance; historically used as the international temperature standard; must be protected from metallic and non-metallic vapors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: #f9f9f9\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\"><strong>B<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Pt-30% Rh \/ Pt-6% Rh<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">800\u00b0C to 1,800\u00b0C<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #666;font-size: 0.9em\">(1,472\u00b0F to 3,272\u00b0F)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Powder metallurgy, sintering furnaces, vacuum furnaces, molten metal<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 14px;border: 1px solid #ddd\">Highest temperature range of all noble metal types; near-zero output below 50\u00b0C (no compensation wire required); both legs contain rhodium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- TYPE C NOTE --><\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fff8e1;border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b;padding: 14px 18px;margin: 1.5em 0;font-size: 0.95em\"><strong>Note on Type C:<\/strong> Type C (Tungsten-5% Rhenium \/ Tungsten-26% Rhenium) is sometimes listed alongside noble metal thermocouples but is classified as a refractory metal type, not a noble metal. It is capable of measuring up to 2,300\u00b0C but can only be used in non-oxidizing, inert, or vacuum environments. It is a specialty type used in extreme-temperature applications such as aerospace and nuclear research, not a standard process thermocouple.<\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width:258px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/files\/2023\/09\/tc-dissimilar-metals-388x387.png\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thermocouples are made of two metals with different electron densities.<\/p><\/div>\n    \n<p>Most thermocouples are made of relatively inexpensive base metals, although some have metal pairings containing more expensive platinum, rhodium, rhenium, and tungsten.<\/p>\n<h2>The Pros and Cons of Thermocouples<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to their ruggedness in extreme conditions, thermocouples are also less expensive than RTDs and have a faster <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/products\/temperature-products\/temperature-sensors-thermowells-and-response-times\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">response time<\/a> with their smaller diameter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition, some applications require the use of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wika.com\/en-us\/thermowells_protection_tubes.WIKA\" rel=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">thermowell<\/a> to protect the temperature sensor from the process media, which <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/\/products\/temperature-products\/temperature-sensors-thermowells-and-response-times\/\">affects the response time<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Choosing the right temperature sensor can be complex. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For best results, contact the temperature specialists at WIKA USA for personalized advice on which instrument is the best fit your application and budget.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/knowhow\/how-many-thermocouples-types-are-there-and-what-makes-each-one-different\/\">Full thermocouple types guide\u2192<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Temperature sensors are essential measuring instruments for ensuring the safety and efficiency of countless industrial processes. While RTDs and thermocouples both provide accuracy and reliability, each has pros and cons that make them better suited for particular applications. Resistance thermometers (RTDs) and thermocouples are the two most common types of electronic temperature sensors\u00a0used in industrial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":398,"featured_media":17167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,221],"tags":[584,692,323],"class_list":["post-8212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowhow","category-temperature-products","tag-rtd","tag-temperature-sensor","tag-thermocouple"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RTD vs. Thermocouple Temperature Sensors: When to Use Each - WIKA blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When deciding between RTDs and thermocouples, consider the application\u2019s media, the desired accuracy, and the space requirement.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.wika.com\/us\/products\/temperature-products\/rtd-vs-thermocouple-when-to-use-each-product\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RTD vs. Thermocouple Temperature Sensors: When to Use Each - 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